Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
nouroallah nourani; gholamreza jamshidiha
Abstract
Theoretical controversies about the relationship between modern science and religion have created a kind of classification of social thinkers. In this regard we can name three macro approaches of modernistic science, modified science, and Islamic traditionalist. Each of these approaches have discussed ...
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Theoretical controversies about the relationship between modern science and religion have created a kind of classification of social thinkers. In this regard we can name three macro approaches of modernistic science, modified science, and Islamic traditionalist. Each of these approaches have discussed the possibility of religious science in general and Islamic social science in particular, and all of them are relied on philosophical presumptions targeting characteristics of an ideal society. This has resulted in disagreement and lack of social perspective needed to social theorizing. "Argumentative sociology" is a new format of epistemology in the realm of philosophy of sociology considering cultural and social changes in the new era. Argumentative sociology, emphasizing on the philosophical presumptions of theories of sociology and indicating desirable features of society, suggests that, with the help of more rational-philosophical axioms, it is possible to evaluate philosophical foundations of the theories and reach more reliable results via "experimental syllogism."
nouroallah nourani; hamid parsaniya
Abstract
After the Renaissance and the growth of empirical sciences in Europe, fundamental divisions emerged between the empirical sciences (empirical methods) and the church claims, which resulted in the European community voting for a conflict between science and religion. Given the dissemination of empirical ...
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After the Renaissance and the growth of empirical sciences in Europe, fundamental divisions emerged between the empirical sciences (empirical methods) and the church claims, which resulted in the European community voting for a conflict between science and religion. Given the dissemination of empirical sciences and their achievements in Islamic societies, this challenge has deepened and has involved thinkers and experts of this field. Shahid Morteza Motahari and Abdolkarim Soroush, as two prominent epistemologists in Iran, adopted contradictory positions regarding the conceptual aspects of religious science, which affected the subsequent intellectual currents. This study, based on three main questions, has comparatively analyzed the positions of these two thinkers on the nature of science, the method of science and possibility/impossibility of founding a religious science. As a result, since Soroush believes empirical science has an autonomous domain compared to other types of knowledge and its empirical method is based on the falsification logic, there is no possibility of establishing a religious science. On the contrary, according to Shahid Motahari, empirical science, as one type of knowledge, has a longitudinal relationship with other forms of knowledge. In his view, the method of science is empirical, and using logic of analogy and, if used in this way, and satisfies the individual and social needs of the Islamic society, and if, ultimately, targeted by Islam, can be considered as religious science and has religious authority.
